The Castillo de San Marcos is a towering symbol of Spanish colonial power and defense, standing proudly in St. Augustine, Florida. As the oldest masonry fort in the continental United States, this magnificent stone fortress has withstood centuries of warfare and change, serving as a key strategic point for Spain’s claims in the New World. The Castillo, more than 327 years old, is now a National Monument and one of the most significant historical landmarks in the country.

History of the Castillo de San Marcos

Construction of the Castillo de San Marcos began in 1672, and after 23 years of labor, the fort was completed in 1695. Built from coquina, a unique shell-stone found in the region, the Castillo was unlike any other Spanish fort that had preceded it. Coquina made the fort impenetrable to attacks and also highly resistant to fire—qualities that would soon prove invaluable.
The Castillo came under fire for the first time in 1702, when British forces led by General James Moore attacked St. Augustine. While the city was burned, the fort’s walls withstood the assault, and the British were unable to breach its defenses. The fort proved its resilience once again in subsequent attacks in 1728 and 1740, solidifying its reputation as an impenetrable fortress.
In 1763, control of Florida shifted to the British under the Treaty of Paris, beginning a 20-year period of English rule. During this time, the Castillo—renamed Fort St. Mark—was used as a military prison during the American Revolutionary War. Notably, three signers of the Declaration of Independence were once held within its walls.
After the Revolutionary War ended in 1784, Florida was returned to Spain, and the fort remained under Spanish control until 1821, when Florida became a U.S. Territory. Under American rule, the fort was renamed Fort Marion, in honor of General Francis Marion, a Revolutionary War hero from the Carolinas.
During the late 1800s, Fort Marion was used as a prison for Native Americans, with both Florida and Great Plains Natives being held there. The fort’s long and sometimes grim history reflects the complex and often turbulent events of early American history.
By 1900, the fort was no longer actively used as a military installation, and in 1924, it was designated as a National Monument to preserve its legacy. In 1942, Congress restored the fort’s original Spanish name, Castillo de San Marcos, honoring its heritage and historical significance.

Visiting the Castillo de San Marcos

A visit to the Castillo de San Marcos is an unforgettable experience that combines history, architecture, and culture. Whether you’re a history enthusiast or simply curious about the past, the Castillo offers plenty to explore.

Amenities and Activities:

  • Self-Guided Tours: Wander through the historic rooms and corridors of the fort at your own pace. Learn about the fort’s rich history with informative exhibits and displays.
  • Cannon Firings and Weaponry Demonstrations: Watch as costumed reenactors fire cannons and demonstrate historic weaponry every Saturday and Sunday at 10:30 a.m., 11:30 a.m., 1:30 p.m., 2:30 p.m., and 3:30 p.m. These live demonstrations provide an exciting glimpse into the military tactics of the past.
  • Restroom Facilities: Conveniently located on-site for visitors’ use.
  • Gift Shop: Take home a piece of history from the Castillo’s gift shop, featuring books, souvenirs, and replicas of historical artifacts.

While the grounds around the Castillo are perfect for exploring, please note that camping, fishing, bicycles, and skating are prohibited in the area. Be sure to check the Castillo’s official website for a full list of permitted activities and additional visitor guidelines.

Admission and Location

  • Admission: $15.00 for adults ages 16 and older. Children ages 15 and under are free. Tickets can be purchased at the admission booth or online via the fort’s official website.
  • Location: The Castillo de San Marcos is located at 1 South Castillo Drive, St. Augustine, Florida 32084.
  • Parking: There is a parking lot directly in front of the fort, available for $2.50 per hour with automated machines on-site. Alternatively, the Historic Downtown Parking Facility is a 10-minute walk from the fort.

Step Into History

The Castillo de San Marcos stands as a testament to centuries of conflict, resilience, and change. Its enduring walls tell the story of a city that was at the heart of colonial power struggles in the New World. Whether you’re marveling at its architectural beauty or absorbing its rich history, the Castillo offers a unique glimpse into America’s past. Plan your visit today and experience one of the most iconic landmarks in the United States!